Abstract: In order to meet the development and debugging needs of a certain type of aircraft calibration test system, a method for the development of a calibration target test simulation system based on virtual instrument and PXI bus is proposed. The functional requirements of the simulation system were analyzed, the functional modules and external equipment that met the requirements were selected, and the transfer adapter was designed. The characteristics of some special signals were analyzed and a reasonable signal model was constructed. According to the functional requirements of the simulation system software, the system software development was completed under the Visual Studio software development environment combined with thread synchronization technology. The test results show that the analog system signal output is stable and reliable, the voltage output accuracy is better than ±0.01 V, the frequency output accuracy is better than 0.1 Hz, and the time control accuracy is better than 0.01 s. The design meets the debugging needs of the calibration target test system, which can effectively assist the development and debugging of the test system, shorten the development cycle, and save the debugging cost.