Abstract: To realize reliable and privacy guaranteed data storage and distribution, it is necessary to ensure that the data will not be tampered with or eavesdropped during storage and transmission. To solve this problem, a coded blockchain file storage solution using error correction codes is proposed. The scheme designed the server client blockchain system architecture, the file codec based on error correction code, the encoded Merkle tree path generation algorithm and the encoded Byzantine fault tolerance consensus protocol. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional blockchain, the proposed encoding blockchain scheme enhances the privacy of files in the blockchain system, and reduces storage overhead from O(n) to O(1). The communication overhead during data distribution can be reduced by up to 13.7 times.