Abstract: In order to achieve efficient electrical signal compression and anomaly detection, a power signal sampling compression algorithm based on layered adaptive iterative filters is proposed. A compression mapping was designed, which converted data blocks into byte sequences in stream mode. The same iterative filter was used to solve the hypothesis testing problem to determine whether there was an exception in a specific block, and the signature of exception detection and byte sequence compression was extracted to reduce the computing cost. Furthermore, it was theoretically proven that the proposed method could recognize high-frequency signals even for shorter block lengths. The effectiveness of the proposed method was demonstrated through experiments.